{ "schemaVersion": 1, "kind": "event", "id": "the-last-supper", "era": "life-of-jesus", "order": 407, "title": "The Last Supper", "group": "holy-week", "date": { "kind": "relative", "label": "Final Passover through resurrection appearances", "note": "The crucifixion is commonly dated to AD 30 or 33. The closing stop extends through the forty-day appearance period in Acts; the whole group is not one eight-day interval." }, "pin": [ 35.23494, 31.77744 ], "pinConfidence": "Identified site", "pinPlace": "jerusalem_636", "summary": "Jesus shares a final meal with his disciples, speaks over bread and cup, and warns of betrayal and denial. Luke includes a dispute about greatness; John describes footwashing and Judas’s departure into the night.", "context": "Matthew, Mark and Luke frame the meal as Passover, while John’s festival chronology is presented differently. The card does not settle that dating question or merge every action into a certain order. Bread, cup and footwashing each retain their own account.", "question": "How do the meal and the act of service answer the disciples’ concern about greatness?", "locationNote": "The meal takes place in Jerusalem, with Mark and Luke describing a furnished upper room. Its house and owner are not securely located by the text.", "passages": [ { "reference": "Matthew 26:17–35", "range": [ 40026017, 40026035 ], "translation": "bsb", "url": "https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%2026%3A17%E2%80%9335&version=BSB", "availability": "bundled", "verses": [ { "book": "Matthew", "chapter": 26, "verse": 17, "text": "On the first day of the Feast of Unleavened Bread, the disciples came to Jesus and asked, “Where do You want us to prepare for You to eat the Passover?”" }, { "book": "Matthew", "chapter": 26, "verse": 18, "text": "He answered, “Go into the city to a certain man and tell him that the Teacher says, ‘My time is near. I will keep the Passover with My disciples at your house.’”" }, { "book": "Matthew", "chapter": 26, "verse": 19, "text": "So the disciples did as Jesus had directed them and prepared the Passover." }, { "book": "Matthew", "chapter": 26, "verse": 20, "text": "When evening came, Jesus was reclining with the twelve disciples." }, { "book": "Matthew", "chapter": 26, "verse": 21, "text": "And while they were eating, He said to them, “Truly I tell you, one of you will betray Me.”" }, { "book": "Matthew", "chapter": 26, "verse": 22, "text": "They were deeply grieved and began to ask Him one after another, “Surely not I, Lord?”" }, { "book": "Matthew", "chapter": 26, "verse": 23, "text": "Jesus answered, “The one who has dipped his hand into the bowl with Me will betray Me." }, { "book": "Matthew", "chapter": 26, "verse": 24, "text": "The Son of Man will go just as it is written about Him, but woe to that man by whom He is betrayed. It would be better for him if he had not been born.”" }, { "book": "Matthew", "chapter": 26, "verse": 25, "text": "Then Judas, who would betray Him, said, “Surely not I, Rabbi?” Jesus answered, “You have said it yourself.”" }, { "book": "Matthew", "chapter": 26, "verse": 26, "text": "While they were eating, Jesus took bread, spoke a blessing and broke it, and gave it to the disciples, saying, “Take and eat; this is My body.”" }, { "book": "Matthew", "chapter": 26, "verse": 27, "text": "Then He took the cup, gave thanks, and gave it to them, saying, “Drink from it, all of you." }, { "book": "Matthew", "chapter": 26, "verse": 28, "text": "This is My blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins." }, { "book": "Matthew", "chapter": 26, "verse": 29, "text": "I tell you, I will not drink of this fruit of the vine from now on until that day when I drink it anew with you in My Father’s kingdom.”" }, { "book": "Matthew", "chapter": 26, "verse": 30, "text": "And when they had sung a hymn, they went out to the Mount of Olives." }, { "book": "Matthew", "chapter": 26, "verse": 31, "text": "Then Jesus said to them, “This very night you will all fall away on account of Me. For it is written: ‘I will strike the Shepherd, and the sheep of the flock will be scattered.’" }, { "book": "Matthew", "chapter": 26, "verse": 32, "text": "But after I have risen, I will go ahead of you into Galilee.”" }, { "book": "Matthew", "chapter": 26, "verse": 33, "text": "Peter said to Him, “Even if all fall away on account of You, I never will.”" }, { "book": "Matthew", "chapter": 26, "verse": 34, "text": "“Truly I tell you,” Jesus declared, “this very night, before the rooster crows, you will deny Me three times.”" }, { "book": "Matthew", "chapter": 26, "verse": 35, "text": "Peter replied, “Even if I have to die with You, I will never deny You.” And all the other disciples said the same thing." } ] }, { "reference": "Mark 14:12–31", "range": [ 41014012, 41014031 ], "translation": "bsb", "url": "https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark%2014%3A12%E2%80%9331&version=BSB", "availability": "bundled", "verses": [ { "book": "Mark", "chapter": 14, "verse": 12, "text": "On the first day of the Feast of Unleavened Bread, when the Passover lamb was to be sacrificed, Jesus’ disciples asked Him, “Where do You want us to prepare for You to eat the Passover?”" }, { "book": "Mark", "chapter": 14, "verse": 13, "text": "So He sent two of His disciples and told them, “Go into the city, and a man carrying a jug of water will meet you. Follow him," }, { "book": "Mark", "chapter": 14, "verse": 14, "text": "and whichever house he enters, say to the owner, ‘The Teacher asks: Where is My guest room, where I may eat the Passover with My disciples?’" }, { "book": "Mark", "chapter": 14, "verse": 15, "text": "And he will show you a large upper room, furnished and ready. Make preparations for us there.”" }, { "book": "Mark", "chapter": 14, "verse": 16, "text": "So the disciples left and went into the city, where they found everything as Jesus had described. And they prepared the Passover." }, { "book": "Mark", "chapter": 14, "verse": 17, "text": "When evening came, Jesus arrived with the Twelve." }, { "book": "Mark", "chapter": 14, "verse": 18, "text": "And while they were reclining and eating, Jesus said, “Truly I tell you, one of you who is eating with Me will betray Me.”" }, { "book": "Mark", "chapter": 14, "verse": 19, "text": "They began to be grieved and to ask Him one after another, “Surely not I?”" }, { "book": "Mark", "chapter": 14, "verse": 20, "text": "He answered, “It is one of the Twelve—the one who is dipping his hand into the bowl with Me." }, { "book": "Mark", "chapter": 14, "verse": 21, "text": "The Son of Man will go just as it is written about Him, but woe to that man by whom He is betrayed! It would be better for him if he had not been born.”" }, { "book": "Mark", "chapter": 14, "verse": 22, "text": "While they were eating, Jesus took bread, spoke a blessing and broke it, and gave it to the disciples, saying, “Take it; this is My body.”" }, { "book": "Mark", "chapter": 14, "verse": 23, "text": "Then He took the cup, gave thanks, and gave it to them, and they all drank from it." }, { "book": "Mark", "chapter": 14, "verse": 24, "text": "He said to them, “This is My blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many." }, { "book": "Mark", "chapter": 14, "verse": 25, "text": "Truly I tell you, I will no longer drink of the fruit of the vine until that day when I drink it anew in the kingdom of God.”" }, { "book": "Mark", "chapter": 14, "verse": 26, "text": "And when they had sung a hymn, they went out to the Mount of Olives." }, { "book": "Mark", "chapter": 14, "verse": 27, "text": "Then Jesus said to them, “You will all fall away, for it is written: ‘I will strike the Shepherd, and the sheep will be scattered.’" }, { "book": "Mark", "chapter": 14, "verse": 28, "text": "But after I have risen, I will go ahead of you into Galilee.”" }, { "book": "Mark", "chapter": 14, "verse": 29, "text": "Peter declared, “Even if all fall away, I never will.”" }, { "book": "Mark", "chapter": 14, "verse": 30, "text": "“Truly I tell you,” Jesus replied, “this very night, before the rooster crows twice, you will deny Me three times.”" }, { "book": "Mark", "chapter": 14, "verse": 31, "text": "But Peter kept insisting, “Even if I have to die with You, I will never deny You.” And all the others said the same thing." } ] }, { "reference": "Luke 22:7–38", "range": [ 42022007, 42022038 ], "translation": "bsb", "url": "https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke%2022%3A7%E2%80%9338&version=BSB", "availability": "bundled", "verses": [ { "book": "Luke", "chapter": 22, "verse": 7, "text": "Then came the day of Unleavened Bread on which the Passover lamb was to be sacrificed." }, { "book": "Luke", "chapter": 22, "verse": 8, "text": "Jesus sent Peter and John, saying, “Go and make preparations for us to eat the Passover.”" }, { "book": "Luke", "chapter": 22, "verse": 9, "text": "“Where do You want us to prepare it?” they asked." }, { "book": "Luke", "chapter": 22, "verse": 10, "text": "He answered, “When you enter the city, a man carrying a jug of water will meet you. Follow him to the house he enters," }, { "book": "Luke", "chapter": 22, "verse": 11, "text": "and say to the owner of that house, ‘The Teacher asks: Where is the guest room, where I may eat the Passover with My disciples?’" }, { "book": "Luke", "chapter": 22, "verse": 12, "text": "And he will show you a large upper room, already furnished. Make preparations there.”" }, { "book": "Luke", "chapter": 22, "verse": 13, "text": "So they went and found it just as Jesus had told them. And they prepared the Passover." }, { "book": "Luke", "chapter": 22, "verse": 14, "text": "When the hour had come, Jesus reclined at the table with His apostles." }, { "book": "Luke", "chapter": 22, "verse": 15, "text": "And He said to them, “I have eagerly desired to eat this Passover with you before My suffering." }, { "book": "Luke", "chapter": 22, "verse": 16, "text": "For I tell you that I will not eat it again until it is fulfilled in the kingdom of God.”" }, { "book": "Luke", "chapter": 22, "verse": 17, "text": "After taking the cup, He gave thanks and said, “Take this and divide it among yourselves." }, { "book": "Luke", "chapter": 22, "verse": 18, "text": "For I tell you that I will not drink of the fruit of the vine from now on until the kingdom of God comes.”" }, { "book": "Luke", "chapter": 22, "verse": 19, "text": "And He took the bread, gave thanks and broke it, and gave it to them, saying, “This is My body, given for you; do this in remembrance of Me.”" }, { "book": "Luke", "chapter": 22, "verse": 20, "text": "In the same way, after supper He took the cup, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in My blood, which is poured out for you." }, { "book": "Luke", "chapter": 22, "verse": 21, "text": "Look! The hand of My betrayer is with Mine on the table." }, { "book": "Luke", "chapter": 22, "verse": 22, "text": "Indeed, the Son of Man will go as it has been determined, but woe to that man who betrays Him.”" }, { "book": "Luke", "chapter": 22, "verse": 23, "text": "Then they began to question among themselves which of them was going to do this." }, { "book": "Luke", "chapter": 22, "verse": 24, "text": "A dispute also arose among the disciples as to which of them should be considered the greatest." }, { "book": "Luke", "chapter": 22, "verse": 25, "text": "So Jesus declared, “The kings of the Gentiles lord it over them, and those in authority over them call themselves benefactors." }, { "book": "Luke", "chapter": 22, "verse": 26, "text": "But you shall not be like them. Instead, the greatest among you should be like the youngest, and the one who leads like the one who serves." }, { "book": "Luke", "chapter": 22, "verse": 27, "text": "For who is greater, the one who reclines at the table or the one who serves? Is it not the one who reclines? But I am among you as one who serves." }, { "book": "Luke", "chapter": 22, "verse": 28, "text": "You are the ones who have stood by Me in My trials." }, { "book": "Luke", "chapter": 22, "verse": 29, "text": "And I bestow on you a kingdom, just as My Father has bestowed one on Me," }, { "book": "Luke", "chapter": 22, "verse": 30, "text": "so that you may eat and drink at My table in My kingdom and sit on thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel." }, { "book": "Luke", "chapter": 22, "verse": 31, "text": "Simon, Simon, Satan has asked to sift all of you like wheat." }, { "book": "Luke", "chapter": 22, "verse": 32, "text": "But I have prayed for you, Simon, that your faith will not fail. And when you have turned back, strengthen your brothers.”" }, { "book": "Luke", "chapter": 22, "verse": 33, "text": "“Lord,” said Peter, “I am ready to go with You even to prison and to death.”" }, { "book": "Luke", "chapter": 22, "verse": 34, "text": "But Jesus replied, “I tell you, Peter, the rooster will not crow today until you have denied three times that you know Me.”" }, { "book": "Luke", "chapter": 22, "verse": 35, "text": "Then Jesus asked them, “When I sent you out without purse or bag or sandals, did you lack anything?” “Nothing,” they answered." }, { "book": "Luke", "chapter": 22, "verse": 36, "text": "“Now, however,” He told them, “the one with a purse should take it, and likewise a bag; and the one without a sword should sell his cloak and buy one." }, { "book": "Luke", "chapter": 22, "verse": 37, "text": "For I tell you that this Scripture must be fulfilled in Me: ‘And He was numbered with the transgressors.’ For what is written about Me is reaching its fulfillment.”" }, { "book": "Luke", "chapter": 22, "verse": 38, "text": "So they said, “Look, Lord, here are two swords.” “That is enough,” He answered." } ] }, { "reference": "John 13:1–30", "range": [ 43013001, 43013030 ], "translation": "bsb", "url": "https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John%2013%3A1%E2%80%9330&version=BSB", "availability": "bundled", "verses": [ { "book": "John", "chapter": 13, "verse": 1, "text": "It was now just before the Passover Feast, and Jesus knew that His hour had come to leave this world and return to the Father. Having loved His own who were in the world, He loved them to the very end." }, { "book": "John", "chapter": 13, "verse": 2, "text": "The evening meal was underway, and the devil had already put into the heart of Judas, the son of Simon Iscariot, to betray Jesus." }, { "book": "John", "chapter": 13, "verse": 3, "text": "Jesus knew that the Father had delivered all things into His hands, and that He had come from God and was returning to God." }, { "book": "John", "chapter": 13, "verse": 4, "text": "So He got up from the supper, laid aside His outer garments, and wrapped a towel around His waist." }, { "book": "John", "chapter": 13, "verse": 5, "text": "After that, He poured water into a basin and began to wash the disciples’ feet and dry them with the towel that was around Him." }, { "book": "John", "chapter": 13, "verse": 6, "text": "He came to Simon Peter, who asked Him, “Lord, are You going to wash my feet?”" }, { "book": "John", "chapter": 13, "verse": 7, "text": "Jesus replied, “You do not realize now what I am doing, but later you will understand.”" }, { "book": "John", "chapter": 13, "verse": 8, "text": "“Never shall You wash my feet!” Peter told Him. Jesus answered, “Unless I wash you, you have no part with Me.”" }, { "book": "John", "chapter": 13, "verse": 9, "text": "“Then, Lord,” Simon Peter replied, “not only my feet, but my hands and my head as well!”" }, { "book": "John", "chapter": 13, "verse": 10, "text": "Jesus told him, “Whoever has already bathed needs only to wash his feet, and he will be completely clean. And you are clean, though not all of you.”" }, { "book": "John", "chapter": 13, "verse": 11, "text": "For He knew who would betray Him. That is why He said, “Not all of you are clean.”" }, { "book": "John", "chapter": 13, "verse": 12, "text": "When Jesus had washed their feet and put on His outer garments, He reclined with them again and asked, “Do you know what I have done for you?" }, { "book": "John", "chapter": 13, "verse": 13, "text": "You call Me Teacher and Lord, and rightly so, because I am." }, { "book": "John", "chapter": 13, "verse": 14, "text": "So if I, your Lord and Teacher, have washed your feet, you also should wash one another’s feet." }, { "book": "John", "chapter": 13, "verse": 15, "text": "I have set you an example so that you should do as I have done for you." }, { "book": "John", "chapter": 13, "verse": 16, "text": "Truly, truly, I tell you, no servant is greater than his master, nor is a messenger greater than the one who sent him." }, { "book": "John", "chapter": 13, "verse": 17, "text": "If you know these things, you will be blessed if you do them." }, { "book": "John", "chapter": 13, "verse": 18, "text": "I am not speaking about all of you; I know whom I have chosen. But this is to fulfill the Scripture: ‘The one who shares My bread has lifted up his heel against Me.’" }, { "book": "John", "chapter": 13, "verse": 19, "text": "I am telling you now before it happens, so that when it comes to pass, you will believe that I am He." }, { "book": "John", "chapter": 13, "verse": 20, "text": "Truly, truly, I tell you, whoever receives the one I send receives Me, and whoever receives Me receives the One who sent Me.”" }, { "book": "John", "chapter": 13, "verse": 21, "text": "After Jesus had said this, He became troubled in spirit and testified, “Truly, truly, I tell you, one of you will betray Me.”" }, { "book": "John", "chapter": 13, "verse": 22, "text": "The disciples looked at one another, perplexed as to which of them He meant." }, { "book": "John", "chapter": 13, "verse": 23, "text": "One of His disciples, the one whom Jesus loved, was reclining at His side." }, { "book": "John", "chapter": 13, "verse": 24, "text": "So Simon Peter motioned to him to ask Jesus which one He was talking about." }, { "book": "John", "chapter": 13, "verse": 25, "text": "Leaning back against Jesus, he asked, “Lord, who is it?”" }, { "book": "John", "chapter": 13, "verse": 26, "text": "Jesus answered, “It is the one to whom I give this morsel after I have dipped it.” Then He dipped the morsel and gave it to Judas son of Simon Iscariot." }, { "book": "John", "chapter": 13, "verse": 27, "text": "And when Judas had taken the morsel, Satan entered into him. Then Jesus said to Judas, “What you are about to do, do quickly.”" }, { "book": "John", "chapter": 13, "verse": 28, "text": "But no one at the table knew why Jesus had said this to him." }, { "book": "John", "chapter": 13, "verse": 29, "text": "Since Judas kept the money bag, some thought that Jesus was telling him to buy what was needed for the feast, or to give something to the poor." }, { "book": "John", "chapter": 13, "verse": 30, "text": "As soon as he had received the morsel, Judas went out into the night." } ] } ], "related": [ { "range": [ 2024003, 2024008 ], "kind": "teaching", "note": "The covenant’s blood language provides background for the words over the cup.", "reference": "Exodus 24:3–8", "translation": "bsb", "url": "https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus%2024%3A3%E2%80%938&version=BSB" }, { "range": [ 24031031, 24031034 ], "kind": "teaching", "note": "Jeremiah’s new-covenant promise supplies another connection to the words over the cup.", "reference": "Jeremiah 31:31–34", "translation": "bsb", "url": "https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah%2031%3A31%E2%80%9334&version=BSB" } ], "places": [ { "id": "jerusalem_636", "name": "Jerusalem", "coordinate": [ 35.23494, 31.77744 ], "kind": "City", "confidence": "Identified site", "confidenceSource": "rule", "sources": [ { "label": "Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire", "url": "http://dare.ht.lu.se/places/15896" } ] } ], "mapPeriod": "gospel-land", "further": [ { "label": "Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire", "url": "http://dare.ht.lu.se/places/15896" } ], "provenance": { "sources": [ { "name": "theographic", "ref": "452" }, { "name": "editorial" } ], "review": "draft" }, "eraName": "Life of Jesus", "interactiveUrl": "https://wilderness-scripture-atlas.pages.dev/?event=the-last-supper", "attribution": [ "Events and places adapted from Theographic Bible Metadata (github.com/robertrouse/theographic-bible-metadata), CC BY-SA 4.0. This adapted data is shared under CC BY-SA 4.0.", "Place coordinates from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding Data, CC BY 4.0.", "Teaching stops, summaries and regional extents are original editorial content of this atlas.", "Berean Standard Bible (BSB), public domain. https://berean.bible/licensing.htm" ], "translation": "bsb", "url": "https://wilderness-scripture-atlas.pages.dev/reference/events/the-last-supper/", "markdownUrl": "https://wilderness-scripture-atlas.pages.dev/reference/events/the-last-supper/index.md", "jsonUrl": "https://wilderness-scripture-atlas.pages.dev/reference/events/the-last-supper/index.json", "cautions": "Narrative order is a reading arrangement, not a proven chronology. Dates retain their stated uncertainty. An identified locality does not establish the exact venue or prove an event. Region extents and routes are illustrative, not surveyed boundaries or ancient roads. Draft material has not completed editorial review.", "revision": "7c3b0433e835dcc9" }