{
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "kind": "event",
  "id": "revelation-sixth-trumpet",
  "era": "revelation",
  "order": 510,
  "title": "The sixth trumpet: judgment without repentance",
  "group": "rev-trumpets",
  "date": {
    "kind": "relative",
    "label": "Revelation 9 · reading sequence",
    "note": "This is the order of the book. It does not assign a calendar date to a vision or choose one scheme of fulfillment."
  },
  "summary": "Four angels bound at the Euphrates are released, and a vast mounted force brings death. Yet the survivors do not turn from idolatry, murder, sorcery, sexual immorality and theft.",
  "context": "The voice comes from the altar, continuing the heavenly setting of the trumpet sequence. The riders and horses have extraordinary features, including fire-breathing mouths and serpentlike tails. The Euphrates is a real river named within a vision, but its mention does not locate an actual troop movement for the atlas to trace. The closing verses explain a central concern: calamity alone has not produced repentance. The numbered force is not assigned to a contemporary nation.",
  "question": "Why does the scene end by listing the survivors’ unrepented practices rather than describing the army further?",
  "locationNote": "Visionary setting; no geographic pin or route. The background map shows the historical recipients in western Asia Minor, not the location of this vision.",
  "relatedNote": "These readings illuminate biblical language and themes. Connections do not by themselves settle the timing or every interpretation of the vision.",
  "passages": [
    {
      "reference": "Revelation 9:13–21",
      "range": [
        66009013,
        66009021
      ],
      "translation": "bsb",
      "url": "https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation%209%3A13%E2%80%9321&version=BSB",
      "availability": "bundled",
      "verses": [
        {
          "book": "Revelation",
          "chapter": 9,
          "verse": 13,
          "text": "Then the sixth angel sounded his trumpet, and I heard a voice from the four horns of the golden altar before God"
        },
        {
          "book": "Revelation",
          "chapter": 9,
          "verse": 14,
          "text": "saying to the sixth angel with the trumpet, “Release the four angels who are bound at the great river Euphrates.”"
        },
        {
          "book": "Revelation",
          "chapter": 9,
          "verse": 15,
          "text": "So the four angels who had been prepared for this hour and day and month and year were released to kill a third of mankind."
        },
        {
          "book": "Revelation",
          "chapter": 9,
          "verse": 16,
          "text": "And the number of mounted troops was two hundred million; I heard their number."
        },
        {
          "book": "Revelation",
          "chapter": 9,
          "verse": 17,
          "text": "Now the horses and riders in my vision looked like this: The riders had breastplates the colors of fire, sapphire, and sulfur. The heads of the horses were like the heads of lions, and out of their mouths proceeded fire, smoke, and sulfur."
        },
        {
          "book": "Revelation",
          "chapter": 9,
          "verse": 18,
          "text": "A third of mankind was killed by the three plagues of fire, smoke, and sulfur that proceeded from their mouths."
        },
        {
          "book": "Revelation",
          "chapter": 9,
          "verse": 19,
          "text": "For the power of the horses was in their mouths and in their tails; indeed, their tails were like snakes, having heads with which to inflict harm."
        },
        {
          "book": "Revelation",
          "chapter": 9,
          "verse": 20,
          "text": "Now the rest of mankind who were not killed by these plagues still did not repent of the works of their hands. They did not stop worshiping demons and idols of gold, silver, bronze, stone, and wood, which cannot see or hear or walk."
        },
        {
          "book": "Revelation",
          "chapter": 9,
          "verse": 21,
          "text": "Furthermore, they did not repent of their murder, sorcery, sexual immorality, and theft."
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "related": [
    {
      "range": [
        19115004,
        19115008
      ],
      "kind": "teaching",
      "note": "The psalm’s powerless idols illuminate the criticism of worshiping objects that cannot see, hear or walk.",
      "reference": "Psalm 115:4–8",
      "translation": "bsb",
      "url": "https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalm%20115%3A4%E2%80%938&version=BSB"
    }
  ],
  "places": [],
  "mapPeriod": "revelation-asia",
  "further": [],
  "provenance": {
    "sources": [
      {
        "name": "editorial",
        "ref": "content/authored/revelation.json"
      }
    ],
    "review": "draft"
  },
  "eraName": "Revelation",
  "interactiveUrl": "https://wilderness-scripture-atlas.pages.dev/?event=revelation-sixth-trumpet",
  "attribution": [
    "Place coordinates from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding Data, CC BY 4.0.",
    "Teaching stops, summaries and regional extents are original editorial content of this atlas.",
    "Berean Standard Bible (BSB), public domain. https://berean.bible/licensing.htm"
  ],
  "translation": "bsb",
  "url": "https://wilderness-scripture-atlas.pages.dev/reference/events/revelation-sixth-trumpet/",
  "markdownUrl": "https://wilderness-scripture-atlas.pages.dev/reference/events/revelation-sixth-trumpet/index.md",
  "jsonUrl": "https://wilderness-scripture-atlas.pages.dev/reference/events/revelation-sixth-trumpet/index.json",
  "cautions": "Narrative order is a reading arrangement, not a proven chronology. Dates retain their stated uncertainty. An identified locality does not establish the exact venue or prove an event. Region extents and routes are illustrative, not surveyed boundaries or ancient roads. Draft material has not completed editorial review.",
  "revision": "3e005039a1e2bb5c"
}