{
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "kind": "event",
  "id": "qumran-scrolls",
  "era": "between-testaments",
  "order": 289,
  "title": "The scrolls reveal a diverse Jewish manuscript culture",
  "group": "hasmonean-society",
  "date": {
    "kind": "approximate",
    "label": "Third century BC–first century AD · Manuscript overview",
    "earliest": -300,
    "latest": 70,
    "note": "A manuscript date range, grouped here for study. It overlaps later stops and the Gospel era."
  },
  "pin": [
    35.46,
    31.76
  ],
  "pinConfidence": "Approximate region",
  "pinPlace": "qumran-caves-region",
  "summary": "Manuscripts found in caves near Qumran preserve biblical texts and other religious writings. Their languages, textual differences and variety show that Jewish literary life in the Second Temple period cannot be reduced to a single book collection or one uniform community.",
  "context": "This is a thematic overview spanning centuries, not an event after Hyrcanus or a claim that all scrolls were copied at Qumran. Their later discovery establishes findspots, not each manuscript’s place of composition. The app does not identify Jesus or John the Baptist as members of the Qumran community.",
  "question": "What can an ancient manuscript tell us, and what can it leave uncertain about the people who used it?",
  "sourceNote": "Historical background. The sources below open externally; they are separate from the app’s bundled Bible text. Related Bible passages provide comparison or later context.",
  "historicalSources": [
    {
      "label": "IAA: introduction to the Dead Sea Scrolls",
      "url": "https://www.deadseascrolls.org.il/learn-about-the-scrolls/introduction?locale=en_US",
      "note": "Overview of the manuscripts, date range and textual diversity."
    },
    {
      "label": "IAA: discovery sites",
      "url": "https://www.deadseascrolls.org.il/learn-about-the-scrolls/discovery-sites?locale=en_US",
      "note": "Distinguishes the Qumran caves from other Judean Desert findspots."
    }
  ],
  "locationNote": "The shaded cave area near the northwest Dead Sea locates the find region only. It does not select a cave for an unnamed manuscript or map the origins of all the texts.",
  "relatedNote": "These Bible readings are connected by theme or later setting; they are not direct accounts of this historical stop.",
  "passages": [],
  "related": [
    {
      "range": [
        42004016,
        42004021
      ],
      "kind": "teaching",
      "note": "Luke’s later account of public reading from Isaiah offers a comparison with manuscript culture; it does not identify Jesus’s scroll with a Qumran find.",
      "reference": "Luke 4:16–21",
      "translation": "bsb",
      "url": "https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke%204%3A16%E2%80%9321&version=BSB"
    }
  ],
  "places": [
    {
      "id": "qumran-caves-region",
      "name": "Qumran cave area",
      "coordinate": [
        35.46,
        31.76
      ],
      "extent": [
        [
          35.4,
          31.7
        ],
        [
          35.5,
          31.85
        ]
      ],
      "kind": "Region",
      "confidence": "Approximate region",
      "confidenceSource": "editorial",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "IAA: Qumran caves; editorial area, not a particular cave or writing room",
          "url": "https://www.deadseascrolls.org.il/learn-about-the-scrolls/discovery-sites?locale=en_US"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "mapPeriod": "second-temple-judea",
  "further": [
    {
      "label": "IAA: Qumran caves; editorial area, not a particular cave or writing room",
      "url": "https://www.deadseascrolls.org.il/learn-about-the-scrolls/discovery-sites?locale=en_US"
    }
  ],
  "provenance": {
    "sources": [
      {
        "name": "editorial",
        "ref": "content/authored/between-testaments.json"
      }
    ],
    "review": "draft"
  },
  "eraName": "Between the Testaments",
  "interactiveUrl": "https://wilderness-scripture-atlas.pages.dev/?event=qumran-scrolls",
  "attribution": [
    "Place coordinates from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding Data, CC BY 4.0.",
    "Teaching stops, summaries and regional extents are original editorial content of this atlas.",
    "Berean Standard Bible (BSB), public domain. https://berean.bible/licensing.htm"
  ],
  "translation": "bsb",
  "url": "https://wilderness-scripture-atlas.pages.dev/reference/events/qumran-scrolls/",
  "markdownUrl": "https://wilderness-scripture-atlas.pages.dev/reference/events/qumran-scrolls/index.md",
  "jsonUrl": "https://wilderness-scripture-atlas.pages.dev/reference/events/qumran-scrolls/index.json",
  "cautions": "Narrative order is a reading arrangement, not a proven chronology. Dates retain their stated uncertainty. An identified locality does not establish the exact venue or prove an event. Region extents and routes are illustrative, not surveyed boundaries or ancient roads. Draft material has not completed editorial review.",
  "revision": "bbca91eefa0fa91b"
}