{
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "kind": "event",
  "id": "pompey-jerusalem",
  "era": "between-testaments",
  "order": 291,
  "title": "Pompey captures Jerusalem",
  "group": "rome-herod",
  "date": {
    "kind": "approximate",
    "label": "63 BC · Roman intervention",
    "earliest": -63,
    "latest": -63
  },
  "pin": [
    35.234167,
    31.776667
  ],
  "pinConfidence": "Identified site",
  "pinPlace": "openbible-a15257a",
  "summary": "Pompey’s forces capture Jerusalem. Josephus describes the violence, Pompey’s entry into the sanctuary and the restoration of Hyrcanus to the high priesthood under Roman dominance.",
  "context": "This is a turning point, not the first contact with Rome. Roman influence now takes a different form from the earlier alliance sought by Judas. A capture date does not make every detail in Josephus independently verified.",
  "question": "How does Rome’s role here compare with the hopes of Judas’s earlier embassy?",
  "sourceNote": "Historical background. The sources below open externally; they are separate from the app’s bundled Bible text. Related Bible passages provide comparison or later context.",
  "historicalSources": [
    {
      "label": "Josephus, Antiquities 14.4",
      "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/ant-14.html",
      "note": "Account of the siege and its political and religious aftermath. Written in the first century AD, looking back on these events."
    },
    {
      "label": "IAA: historical timeline",
      "url": "https://www.deadseascrolls.org.il/learn-about-the-scrolls/historical-timeline?locale=en_US",
      "note": "Dates Pompey’s capture of Jerusalem to 63 BC."
    }
  ],
  "locationNote": "The Jerusalem pin identifies the city. It does not trace siege works or fix where every action occurred.",
  "relatedNote": "These Bible readings are connected by theme or later setting; they are not direct accounts of this historical stop.",
  "passages": [],
  "related": [
    {
      "range": [
        42003001,
        42003002
      ],
      "kind": "teaching",
      "note": "Luke later names a Roman emperor and provincial officials; this is later context, not the same administrative arrangement as 63 BC.",
      "reference": "Luke 3:1–2",
      "translation": "bsb",
      "url": "https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke%203%3A1%E2%80%932&version=BSB"
    }
  ],
  "places": [
    {
      "id": "openbible-a15257a",
      "name": "Jerusalem",
      "coordinate": [
        35.234167,
        31.776667
      ],
      "kind": "City",
      "confidence": "Identified site",
      "confidenceSource": "editorial",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "OpenBible.info: Jerusalem (CC BY 4.0)",
          "url": "https://www.openbible.info/geo/ancient/a15257a/jerusalem"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "mapPeriod": "second-temple-judea",
  "further": [
    {
      "label": "OpenBible.info: Jerusalem (CC BY 4.0)",
      "url": "https://www.openbible.info/geo/ancient/a15257a/jerusalem"
    }
  ],
  "provenance": {
    "sources": [
      {
        "name": "editorial",
        "ref": "content/authored/between-testaments.json"
      }
    ],
    "review": "draft"
  },
  "eraName": "Between the Testaments",
  "interactiveUrl": "https://wilderness-scripture-atlas.pages.dev/?event=pompey-jerusalem",
  "attribution": [
    "Place coordinates from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding Data, CC BY 4.0.",
    "Teaching stops, summaries and regional extents are original editorial content of this atlas.",
    "Berean Standard Bible (BSB), public domain. https://berean.bible/licensing.htm"
  ],
  "translation": "bsb",
  "url": "https://wilderness-scripture-atlas.pages.dev/reference/events/pompey-jerusalem/",
  "markdownUrl": "https://wilderness-scripture-atlas.pages.dev/reference/events/pompey-jerusalem/index.md",
  "jsonUrl": "https://wilderness-scripture-atlas.pages.dev/reference/events/pompey-jerusalem/index.json",
  "cautions": "Narrative order is a reading arrangement, not a proven chronology. Dates retain their stated uncertainty. An identified locality does not establish the exact venue or prove an event. Region extents and routes are illustrative, not surveyed boundaries or ancient roads. Draft material has not completed editorial review.",
  "revision": "a600ef7593b7f1ee"
}