{
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "kind": "event",
  "id": "judas-rome-envoys",
  "era": "between-testaments",
  "order": 285,
  "title": "Judas seeks an alliance with Rome",
  "group": "maccabean-resistance",
  "date": {
    "kind": "approximate",
    "label": "c. 161 BC · Roman diplomacy",
    "earliest": -161,
    "latest": -161
  },
  "pin": [
    12.4852,
    41.8922
  ],
  "pinConfidence": "Identified site",
  "pinPlace": "openbible-afc8e7a",
  "summary": "First Maccabees describes Judas sending Eupolemus and Jason to Rome to seek friendship and relief from Seleucid pressure. The chapter presents terms of a mutual alliance.",
  "context": "This is a literary report of diplomacy, not evidence that a Roman army immediately delivered Judea. Rome enters the story as a hoped-for partner long before Pompey’s later intervention. The favorable description of Roman power reflects this book’s perspective.",
  "question": "What hopes and risks can accompany an appeal to a powerful outside ally?",
  "sourceNote": "Historical background with external readings. First and Second Maccabees are Scripture in Catholic and many Orthodox traditions, but are outside the Jewish and most Protestant canons and this app’s bundled 66-book Bible.",
  "historicalSources": [
    {
      "label": "1 Maccabees 8:17–32",
      "url": "https://bible.usccb.org/bible/1maccabees/8",
      "note": "Account of the embassy and the reported alliance terms."
    }
  ],
  "locationNote": "Rome and Jerusalem are identified cities. No precise sea crossing, embassy chamber or return road is asserted.",
  "relatedNote": "These Bible readings are connected by theme or later setting; they are not direct accounts of this historical stop.",
  "passages": [],
  "related": [
    {
      "range": [
        23031001,
        23031003
      ],
      "kind": "teaching",
      "note": "An earlier warning about reliance on military allies offers a comparison, not an oracle naming Judas or Rome.",
      "reference": "Isaiah 31:1–3",
      "translation": "bsb",
      "url": "https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah%2031%3A1%E2%80%933&version=BSB"
    }
  ],
  "places": [
    {
      "id": "openbible-a15257a",
      "name": "Jerusalem",
      "coordinate": [
        35.234167,
        31.776667
      ],
      "kind": "City",
      "confidence": "Identified site",
      "confidenceSource": "editorial",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "OpenBible.info: Jerusalem (CC BY 4.0)",
          "url": "https://www.openbible.info/geo/ancient/a15257a/jerusalem"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "openbible-afc8e7a",
      "name": "Rome",
      "coordinate": [
        12.4852,
        41.8922
      ],
      "kind": "City",
      "confidence": "Identified site",
      "confidenceSource": "editorial",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "OpenBible.info: Rome (CC BY 4.0)",
          "url": "https://www.openbible.info/geo/ancient/afc8e7a/rome"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "mapPeriod": "hellenistic",
  "further": [
    {
      "label": "OpenBible.info: Rome (CC BY 4.0)",
      "url": "https://www.openbible.info/geo/ancient/afc8e7a/rome"
    }
  ],
  "provenance": {
    "sources": [
      {
        "name": "editorial",
        "ref": "content/authored/between-testaments.json"
      }
    ],
    "review": "draft"
  },
  "eraName": "Between the Testaments",
  "interactiveUrl": "https://wilderness-scripture-atlas.pages.dev/?event=judas-rome-envoys",
  "attribution": [
    "Place coordinates from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding Data, CC BY 4.0.",
    "Teaching stops, summaries and regional extents are original editorial content of this atlas.",
    "Berean Standard Bible (BSB), public domain. https://berean.bible/licensing.htm"
  ],
  "translation": "bsb",
  "url": "https://wilderness-scripture-atlas.pages.dev/reference/events/judas-rome-envoys/",
  "markdownUrl": "https://wilderness-scripture-atlas.pages.dev/reference/events/judas-rome-envoys/index.md",
  "jsonUrl": "https://wilderness-scripture-atlas.pages.dev/reference/events/judas-rome-envoys/index.json",
  "cautions": "Narrative order is a reading arrangement, not a proven chronology. Dates retain their stated uncertainty. An identified locality does not establish the exact venue or prove an event. Region extents and routes are illustrative, not surveyed boundaries or ancient roads. Draft material has not completed editorial review.",
  "revision": "3a7e59b1c7a49707"
}