{
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "kind": "event",
  "id": "jeroboam-calves",
  "era": "divided-kingdom",
  "order": 173,
  "title": "Jeroboam establishes worship at Bethel and Dan",
  "group": "kingdom-split",
  "date": {
    "kind": "relative",
    "label": "Israel · Jeroboam I’s early reign"
  },
  "pin": [
    35.241389,
    31.922778
  ],
  "pinConfidence": "Identified site",
  "pinPlace": "openbible-a64f355",
  "summary": "Jeroboam strengthens Shechem and Penuel, then fears that pilgrimages to Jerusalem will restore loyalty to David’s house. He sets up golden calves at Bethel and Dan, appoints priests outside the Levites and establishes a festival of his own choosing.",
  "context": "The narrator connects religious innovation with political fear. Bethel and Dan are two distinct sanctuaries, not alternative locations for one calf. The reference to deliverance from Egypt recalls earlier claims made around the calf in Exodus.",
  "question": "How does fear of losing power reshape Jeroboam’s worship policy?",
  "locationNote": "Beitin and Tel Dan are established identifications of Bethel and Dan. The symbols identify localities, not verified positions of both calves or the king’s altar.",
  "passages": [
    {
      "reference": "1 Kings 12:25–33",
      "range": [
        11012025,
        11012033
      ],
      "translation": "bsb",
      "url": "https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1%20Kings%2012%3A25%E2%80%9333&version=BSB",
      "availability": "bundled",
      "verses": [
        {
          "book": "1 Kings",
          "chapter": 12,
          "verse": 25,
          "text": "Then Jeroboam built Shechem in the hill country of Ephraim and lived there. And from there he went out and built Penuel."
        },
        {
          "book": "1 Kings",
          "chapter": 12,
          "verse": 26,
          "text": "Jeroboam said in his heart, “Now the kingdom might revert to the house of David."
        },
        {
          "book": "1 Kings",
          "chapter": 12,
          "verse": 27,
          "text": "If these people go up to offer sacrifices in the house of the LORD at Jerusalem, their hearts will return to their lord, Rehoboam king of Judah; then they will kill me and return to Rehoboam king of Judah.”"
        },
        {
          "book": "1 Kings",
          "chapter": 12,
          "verse": 28,
          "text": "After seeking advice, the king made two golden calves and said to the people, “Going up to Jerusalem is too much for you. Here, O Israel, are your gods, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt.”"
        },
        {
          "book": "1 Kings",
          "chapter": 12,
          "verse": 29,
          "text": "One calf he set up in Bethel, and the other in Dan."
        },
        {
          "book": "1 Kings",
          "chapter": 12,
          "verse": 30,
          "text": "And this thing became a sin; the people walked as far as Dan to worship before one of the calves."
        },
        {
          "book": "1 Kings",
          "chapter": 12,
          "verse": 31,
          "text": "Jeroboam also built shrines on the high places and appointed from every class of people priests who were not Levites."
        },
        {
          "book": "1 Kings",
          "chapter": 12,
          "verse": 32,
          "text": "And Jeroboam ordained a feast on the fifteenth day of the eighth month, like the feast that was in Judah, and he offered sacrifices on the altar; he made this offering in Bethel to sacrifice to the calves he had set up, and he installed priests in Bethel for the high places he had set up."
        },
        {
          "book": "1 Kings",
          "chapter": 12,
          "verse": 33,
          "text": "On the fifteenth day of the eighth month, a month of his own choosing, Jeroboam offered sacrifices on the altar he had set up in Bethel. So he ordained a feast for the Israelites, offered sacrifices on the altar, and burned incense."
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "related": [
    {
      "range": [
        5012005,
        5012014
      ],
      "kind": "teaching",
      "note": "Moses directs worship toward the place the LORD chooses.",
      "reference": "Deuteronomy 12:5–14",
      "translation": "bsb",
      "url": "https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy%2012%3A5%E2%80%9314&version=BSB"
    },
    {
      "range": [
        2032001,
        2032008
      ],
      "kind": "recollection",
      "note": "The calf episode provides an earlier context for the language of deliverance from Egypt.",
      "reference": "Exodus 32:1–8",
      "translation": "bsb",
      "url": "https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus%2032%3A1%E2%80%938&version=BSB"
    }
  ],
  "places": [
    {
      "id": "openbible-adf74d4",
      "name": "Shechem",
      "coordinate": [
        35.281944,
        32.213611
      ],
      "kind": "City",
      "confidence": "Identified site",
      "confidenceSource": "editorial",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "OpenBible · site identifications",
          "url": "https://www.openbible.info/geo/ancient/adf74d4/shechem"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "openbible-a64f355",
      "name": "Bethel",
      "coordinate": [
        35.241389,
        31.922778
      ],
      "kind": "City",
      "confidence": "Identified site",
      "confidenceSource": "editorial",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "OpenBible · Bethel",
          "url": "https://www.openbible.info/geo/ancient/a64f355/bethel-1"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "openbible-a513646",
      "name": "Dan",
      "coordinate": [
        35.652,
        33.249
      ],
      "kind": "City",
      "confidence": "Identified site",
      "confidenceSource": "editorial",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "OpenBible · Dan",
          "url": "https://www.openbible.info/geo/ancient/a513646/dan"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "mapPeriod": "divided-kingdoms",
  "further": [
    {
      "label": "OpenBible · Bethel",
      "url": "https://www.openbible.info/geo/ancient/a64f355/bethel-1"
    }
  ],
  "provenance": {
    "sources": [
      {
        "name": "editorial",
        "ref": "content/authored/divided-kingdom.json"
      }
    ],
    "review": "draft"
  },
  "eraName": "Divided Kingdom",
  "interactiveUrl": "https://wilderness-scripture-atlas.pages.dev/?event=jeroboam-calves",
  "attribution": [
    "Place coordinates from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding Data, CC BY 4.0.",
    "Teaching stops, summaries and regional extents are original editorial content of this atlas.",
    "Berean Standard Bible (BSB), public domain. https://berean.bible/licensing.htm"
  ],
  "translation": "bsb",
  "url": "https://wilderness-scripture-atlas.pages.dev/reference/events/jeroboam-calves/",
  "markdownUrl": "https://wilderness-scripture-atlas.pages.dev/reference/events/jeroboam-calves/index.md",
  "jsonUrl": "https://wilderness-scripture-atlas.pages.dev/reference/events/jeroboam-calves/index.json",
  "cautions": "Narrative order is a reading arrangement, not a proven chronology. Dates retain their stated uncertainty. An identified locality does not establish the exact venue or prove an event. Region extents and routes are illustrative, not surveyed boundaries or ancient roads. Draft material has not completed editorial review.",
  "revision": "02e93e7dd6b99c60"
}